He died after being crucified in Jerusalem during the First Revolt against Rome (also known as the Great Revolt). Western tradition is that he preached in Egypt and then went to Persia with St. Jude, where both suffered martyrdom. Since Simon is commonly identified with the Jewish sect known as the Zealots, its worth unpacking who they were. As a result of this despotic leadership and their insufficient representation in the government, many Idumeans defected to a violent extremist group outside the city walls known as the Sicarii, led by Simon b. Gioras. He was crucified, tied upside down in an x-shaped cross from where he preached for two days before he finally died. The fall of Jerusalem also spurred a Jewish Diaspora throughout the ancient world because of enslavement and a large number of fleeing refugees. People are attracted to people who get on fire for a cause. Comment * document.getElementById("comment").setAttribute( "id", "ad634ae32895f7a376e75c82b53fb88c" );document.getElementById("e218d56cc5").setAttribute( "id", "comment" ); Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Your email address will not be published. He was beaten to death with a club, then beheaded post-mortem in 1st century Persia. The lack of verses mentioning Simon the zealot probably indicates that Jesus had little if any problems with him. This year was marked by bitter civil war between the three factions under Simon, John, and Eleazar. . Christian Truth. So what does this title mean? Judas was apparently killed as a result of his actions.. as members of a sect called the Zealots.. Yet when Eleazar and his Zealots opened the gates to permit entry, John's forces slaughtered the inhabitants of the temple while the Zealots tried to flee. Yet when the revolt broke out in 66 CE, the Galilean zealots fled the Roman massacres and sought refuge in the last major Jewish stronghold: Jerusalem. Just as Ananus' forces had surrounded him, in 69 CE. What terrible destruction we can cause when we proudly act on our private interpretations of Scripture! However, in 68 CE, John of Gischala, the hero who escaped Roman conquest in Galilee, joined forces with Eleazar ben Simon at Jerusalem and undermined the moderates' power. One tradition records that he was stoned by cannibals in Aethiopia (Georgia). It is believed that while he hung on that cross and was dying, he called to the crowds and taught them about Jesus Christ and how they might be saved, thus he was sharing the gospel up until the very time of his death on the x-shaped crossbeing loyal to the very end. Like many of the apostles, it's hard to conclude exactly which tradition (if any) can be trusted: In the fifth century, Moses of Chorene wrote that Simon the Zealot was martyred in the Kingdom of Iberia. All that is known about his death is that he was also was crucified. They were casting a net into the lake, for they were fishermen. Other scholars disagree. It seems like that would be . Ancient. How will you diein your sins? He is the second James on the New Testament lists of apostles (Mt 10:3; Mk 3:18; Lk 6:15; Acts 1:13). Known for: Little-known apostle of Jesus Christ. Eleazar ben Simon's radical anti-Roman ideology derived from a lifetime of oppression in Israel under Roman rule. He is usually identified with the Apostle Simon the Zealot, with whom he shares a surname, or with the Apostle Jude. Josephus identifies three main Jewish sectsthe Essenes, the Saduccees, and the Pharisees. Zealous defenders of the Law and of the national life of the Jewish people; name of a party opposing with relentless rigor any attempt to bring Judea under the dominion of idolatrous Rome, and especially of the aggressive and fanatical war party from the time of Herod until the fall of Jerusalem and Masada. And that same hour, which was right fair weather, came so great thunder and lightning that the temple was smitten in three, and the two enchanters were turned into coals by the stroke of thunder. Like his brother Peter, Andrew didnt consider himself worthy to die in the same manner as Jesus. Simon the Cananaean was also called Simon the Zealot. Zealots were shunned by the High Priesthood in Jerusalem prior to the revolt. He was one of the 12 main disciples of Jesus Christ, but he plays no particular role in the gospels and is only mentioned by name in lists of the apostles (Matthew 10:2-4,Mark 3:16-19,Luke 6:14-16,Acts 1:1-13). Jesus predicted Peters death when He said to him, when you are old you will stretch out your hands, and someone else will dress you and lead you where you do not want to go (John 21:18). The word translated "Canaanite" is of Hebrew origin and means "zealot". Even his moniker, the Zealot is ambiguous enough that we cant be sure what it meansthough there are several strong possibilities. And I was delivered from the lions mouth. With his Legio XII Fulminata of 5,000 men, Cestius Gallus was ambushed and defeated at Beit-Horon in 66 CE by 2,400 Zealots led by Eleazar ben Simon. Simon of Cyrene (Hebrew: , Standard Hebrew imon, Tiberian Hebrew imn; Greek: , Simn Kyrnaios; died 100) was the man compelled by the Romans to carry the cross of Jesus of Nazareth as Jesus was taken to his crucifixion, according to all three Synoptic Gospels. [1] We must understand that they were first called disciples which are what every believer is called. Given that details of Simon are so spare, I will address a couple of issues related to Simon's zeal. He was believed to have been thrown some 100 feet off a wall. After Jesus' death, Simon and Jude Thaddeus became an evangelizing team, and they were both martyred in Beirut in 65 . The Golden Legend says he was martyred in Persia in 65 AD. For many Jews, the Messiah was no longer a spiritual Savior but an earthly Conqueror. While there are numerous theories as to the cause of his death, the true circumstances remain shrouded in mystery. Historical evidence of Eleazar arises in 66 CE, when he participated in crushing Cestius Gallus' Legio XII Fulminata at Beit-Horon. If thats what the Zealot refers to, then likeMatthew the Tax Collector, the Apostle Simons presence among the Twelve represents a powerful picture of the gospel. In the thirteenth century, Jacobus de Varagine compiled numerous biographies of the saints intoThe Golden Legend, where centuries after Jerome, the error was repeated: Simon is as much to say as obedient, or being in heaviness. When he surrendered to Vespasian, he claimed Jewish messianic prophecies were about Vespasian becoming the emperor of Rome, and lo and behold Vespasian decided to let him live, taking him on as a slave. Once again, very little is known about him inside or outside of the Bible. He is ironically crucified as a revolutionary between two revolutionaries, and yet his revolution is one built on the power of love, not violence. I pray not. What happened to the 12 disciples after the ascension of Christ? Eleazar ben Simon and his Zealots' radical anti-Roman policies and eradication of the moderate temple aristocracy from Jerusalem in 67 CE also prevented any peaceful agreement with Rome to avoid the death and destruction which ensued in 70 CE. Simon the Zealot is one of the most obscure apostles. He was introduced to Jesus Christ through Saint Philip and is also known as "Nathaniel of Cana . Any time that Jesus said truly, truly or verily, verily He was putting great emphasis on a truth and Jesus must have known, with certainty, how Peter would die and that they will stretch out your hands and carry you where you do not want to go clearly implied crucifixion. However, Josephus attempted to trace the groups origins back to a small uprising by a man named Judas of Galilee, who stirred up a rebellion due to a Roman census in 6 ADthe very same Roman census which Luke says led Mary and Joseph to Nazareth, where Jesus was born. To him be glory for ever and ever. It can be inferred, however, from the geopolitical scene of ancient Israel in the first century CE. 5. John desperately needed Eleazar's funds to supply his followers, and Eleazar required the protection of John's large entourage to fend off Ananus. [citation needed], The Zealot control of Jerusalem was confined to the inner court of the city and the Temple itself. Thus , both names for Simon mean the same thing; the first simply refers to his political background, the (Buffalo, NY: Christian Literature Publishing Co., 1886.) The Bible reveals nothing significant about this apostle. This alliance was rooted in their mutual dependence upon each other. He had James, the brother of John, put to death with the sword (Acts 12:12). There, he died a natural death as an old man. But the group known as the Zealots may not have existed at the time the gospels took placepossibly not even when they were written. As time passed, the perception of Eleazar ben Simon and the Zealots shifted from the tyrannical despot whom Josephus portrays to a dedicated leader with flawed tactics. Bible Quiz Questions From The Book Of Esther pdf, Bible Quiz Questions and Answers from the Book of Job PDF, Bible Quiz Questions And Answers From The Book Of Genesis, Bible Quiz Questions And Answers From The Book Of Job, Bible Quiz Questions And Answers From The Book Of Psalms, Bible Questions And Answers From The Book Of Judges, What Does it Mean When an Ex Appears in Your Dream, What Does Ringing in Your Left Ear Mean Spiritually, Simon is the name of one of Jesus brothers (, A Pharisee named Simon invited Jesus over for dinner, where a sinful woman famously poured perfume on Jesus feet (, Simon the Leper hosts Jesus for dinner in Bethany (, When Jesus was carrying his cross on his way to be crucified, a man named Simon from Cyrene was forced to help him (, In Acts, a man known as Simon the Sorceror attempted to buy the power of the Holy Spirit from Peter (, When Peter had his vision of unclean food, he was staying at Simon the Tanners house (. He was from Cana and was called Simon the Canaanite or Simon the Zealot (the Zealots were Jewish revolutionaries who opposed Rome); the son of Clopas, died and was buried in Jerusalem. Precious little else is known about the process but it is enough to know how he died. Why were the books of Kings included in the Bible. Read them in the archive below. James the Less was martyred in a fashion similar to James, the half-brother of Jesus, who was thrown from the pinnacle of the temple and then beaten to death. Simon of Cyrene (Hebrew: , Standard Hebrew imon, Tiberian Hebrew imn; Greek: , Simn Kyrnaios; died 100) was the man compelled by the Romans to carry the cross of Jesus of Nazareth as Jesus was taken to his crucifixion, according to all three Synoptic Gospels. ; Western feast day October 28, Eastern feast day June 19), one of the Twelve Apostles. First we need to establish exactly who Simon the Zealot was. The Roman procurators also subjugated the Jewish High Priesthood, appointing pro-Roman Jews to positions of authority, and desecrated sacred Jewish practices with sacrilegious pagan rituals. In 39 CE, the Roman Emperor Caligula declared himself divine and ordered his troops in Jerusalem to place his name on the Temple . He saw numerous demonstrations of Jesus divinity. Another says he was beheaded, stoned to death, crucified upside down or hanged. He is an author of an epistle (letter) to the Churches of the East, in particular the Jewish converts, directed against the heresies of the Simonians, Nicolaites, and Gnostics. org/fathers/0524.htm>. From the various accounts that have been recorded, it is believed that Simon the Magician likely died of natural causes, likely in Jerusalem during the time of the Roman Empire. If you step out of this life without Christ, then you have sealed your own fate and eternally separated yourself from God. The Bible lists the names of the twelve disciples in Matthew 10:24, Mark 3:1619 and Luke 6:1316. His political campaign to eradicate moderate Jews from Jerusalem in 67-70 CE eliminated the possibility to surrender to Titus and avoid his relentless massacre of the city. With this knowledge of Josephus' conflict of interest, contemporary historians view Eleazar with less reproach and bitterness. Also, consider one of Jesus' other disciples was a tax collector. Simon was surnamed the Zealot for his rigid adherence to the Jewish law and to the Canaanite law. Judas the Betrayer. the causes of the war were many and complex: incompetent and corrupt roman governors, deteriorating roman policies toward jews, a determined jewish opposition to foreign domination, economic exploitation of peasants (the war was also a peasant revolt against the jewish elites), widespread banditry, apocalyptic expectations, the conviction that Real Answers. This apostle, in the catalogue of our Lord's chosen disciples, is styled "Simon the Canaanite," whence some are of the opinion that he was born at Cana in Galilee; and it is generally thought that he was the bridegroom mentioned by St. John, at whose marriage our blessed . There are different records of Simon the Zealots death. At the onset of the war, John of Gischala, Eleazar's future ally, disobeyed Josephus' orders not to attack a Roman granary, thus sparking a bitter hatred between the two leaders. A party called Zealots were famous in the war of the Jews against the Romans. Despite his rejection from power, Eleazar remained in Jerusalem promoting the Zealot cause from his headquarters at the Temple. This was done to him after he repeatedly refused to deny his faith in Jesus. I have fought the good fight, I have finished the race, I have kept the faith. This would end the rage and cause death, and thus be much more lethal than lethal damage. Edited by Alexander Roberts, James Donaldson, and A. Cleveland Coxe. There are nine people named Simon in the New Testament. Despite the common misconception, Eleazar ben Simon the Zealot is not the same person as Eleazar ben Ya'ir, the Sicarii leader at Masada. During the summer of 67, Eleazar ben Simon and his Zealots attempted to dismantle the moderate government of Ananus by imprisoning officials who remained from the procurator period before the revolt and spreading the fear that the moderate Temple aristocracy would undermine the Jewish nationalist cause. Finklestein, Louis, William Horbury, William David Davies, and John Sturdy. He is mentioned in the Gospels according to Matthew (Matthew|26:613) and Mark. Or he may have simply been zealous for the Mosaic Law. This page was last edited on 17 March 2022, at 20:12. They assumed he was from Canaa town within Galileeor possibly Canaan, an ancient region in the near east which was frequently mentioned in the Bible. Amen. How heartbreaking. He wrote from prison, knowing that his execution was near. The Apostle Jude was crucified in Persia. Heres how Josephus explains it inThe Antiquities of the Jews: Yet was there one Judas, a Gaulonite; of a city whose name was Gamala; who, taking with him Saddouk, a Pharisee, became zealous to draw them to a revolt: who both said that this taxation was no better than an introduction to slavery: and exhorted the nation to assert their liberty.. Simon was transformed by the Jesus and his message. Josephus fought against the Romans in the First Jewish-Roman War. Buffalo, NY: Christian Literature Publishing Co., 20 Bible Verses About Success: Study From Scripture, 25 Encouraging Bible Verses About Strength, Words of Encouragement: 30 Uplifting Quotes, Are You a Disciple of Christ? During his three years of ministry with Jesus, Simon the Zealot matured into an apostle empowered to spread the gospel in truth and love to all nations. Simon the Zealot is a most difficult disciple to trace the history of, as he appears to have travelled under various names - or perhaps just been confused with many other people? Professor David Rhoades elaborates inThe Anchor Yale Bible Dictionary: Judas and his followers opposed Jews who cooperated with the census, for they considered cooperation with Caesar to be an idolatrous transgression of the First Commandment to have no other lords before me. Judas small and unsuccessful revolt was carried out in the belief that if the Jews were faithful to the covenant, God would honor their cause by bringing victory in the struggle against Rome. Required fields are marked *. Copyright 2010-2023 Telling Ministries LLC. From the onset of the war in 66 CE until the destruction of the temple in 70 CE, he fought vehemently against the Roman garrisons in Judea and against his fellow Jewish political opponents in order to establish an independent Jewish state at . And in the sixteenth century, Justus Lipsius recorded that he was sawed in half. And I was delivered from the lions mouth. As the Roman general Vespasian's armies terrorized the countryside of Judea and Galilee, thousands of Jewish refugees joined Eleazar's ranks. Apparently, he became a missionary to Asia Minor. Generally speaking, a zealot is anyone who fervently supports a particular cause. Although this is pure speculation, it is certain that Eleazar ben Simon's inability to establish unity with Simon bar Gioras and John of Geschala during the period of the independent Jewish state severely exacerbated and expedited the fall of Jerusalem. It is possible that Judas Iscariot, another member of the Twelve and the one who went on to betray Jesus, was a former Zealot as well. Bible Based. First, followers of Jesus are invited to proclaim the Kingdom of God in weakness rather than strength. (Simon Kananaios; kanna'i, "the Jealous (or Zealous) One"): One of the Twelve Apostles. The New Testament calls him Simon the Canaanite and 2 other places call him Simon. . As we mentioned earlier, Rhoades argues that Josephus work makes it clear that there was no formal group called the Zealots until about 68 AD. The word we translate as apostle (apstolos) literally means one who is sent.. How did the Apostles die? Revised and edited for New Advent by Kevin Knight. Days prior to the siege of Jerusalem, Eleazar ben Simon was betrayed by John of Gischala. He was a Zealot for much of his life, which meant he was extremely legalistic and held a deep-set hatred towards the Romans and any who had dealings with them. His feast day is October 28th. Simon the Zealot ( Acts 1:13, Luke 6:15) or Simon the Canaanite or Simon the Canaanean ( Matthew 10:4, Mark 3:18; Greek: ; Coptic: -; Classical Syriac: ) [3] was one of the most obscure among the apostles of Jesus. Not much beyond this is known since Matthew was in such a remote place in Africa and went where few historian or Christians ventured to go. While there are some variations in the order the apostles appear and even the names they went by, Simon is listed in all of them. According to legend, he died as a martyr. From Ante-Nicene Fathers, Vol. He was married, had three children, and lived at Bethsaida, near Capernaum. The name itself sounds wild-eyed. I realize that the brother of Jesus, James, was not an apostle but he was one of the early church leaders and the account of his death is horrific. He is also known as, "James the Younger" ( Mark 15:40 ). In this instance Canaanite is being used in its political sense, and does not refer to Simon's place of origin. Simon as a Member of the Zealot Party . Since the Apostle Simon is onlylistedamong the apostles (and hes completely absent from theGospel of John), theres not much we can say about him. Jesus saw this coming when He said, Truly, truly, I say to you, when you were young, you used to dress yourself and walk wherever you wanted, but when you are old, you will stretch out your hands, and another will dress you and carry you where you do not want to go. (This he said to show by what kind of death he was to glorify God.) He was named Simon, son of Jonah or John. In this guide, well dig into the ambiguities surrounding this lesser-known biblical figure, address some common confusions, and look at how he may have died. His death sentence was meted out by the Roman Emperor Catus Decianus during his execution in May 61 AD at Caistor, modern-day Lincolnshire . We are sent out as sheep among . Since an "Eleazar, son of Simon" and an "Eleasar, son of Ya'ir" are introduced separately with their patrimonial name, Josephus intends to distinguish the two leaders as separate persons. I'm jealous, but . We read about his death in the book of Acts: It was about this time that King Herod arrested some who belonged to the church, intending to persecute them. John Shelby Spong (Jesus for the NonReligious) points out that Mark's Gospel did not actually call Simon "the Zealot" - it called him . document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Online Christian Articles and Information Hub. Most, however, accept that he died. Bible Study, Due their fear that Ananus would betray the nationalist cause and surrender to the Romans in order to solidify his position of power, the Idumeans invested their support in Eleazar and John's coalition in hopes of establishing a more radical government to counter the inevitable Roman attack. According to most historians, Philips death was exceedingly cruel. Copyright 2011-2023 Got Questions Ministries - All Rights Reserved. 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